🔥"Describe a person who helps protect the environment"IELTS SPEAKING PART 2,3: Bài mẫu kèm từ vựng

· Part 2

Bên cạnh hướng dẫn Phân tích đề thi IELTS 21/11/2020 WRITING TASK 1 (map)"The plans show a school library 5 years ago and the same library now"(kèm bài sửa cho HS đi thi), IELTS TUTOR Phân tích đề 🔥"Describe a person who helps protect the environment"IELTS SPEAKING PART 2,3: Bài mẫu kèm từ vựng

I. Đề bài

Describe a person who helps protect the environment

You should say:

Who this person is?

How this person protects the environment?

What difficulty this person has faced?

And how you feel about this person?

II. Kiến thức liên quan

III. Phân tích

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý bám sát vào các câu hỏi cue card của IELTS TUTOR để bố cục bài nói nhé:

  • Who this person is? 
    • Today, I would like to tell you about my grandmother, who is truly a passionate advocate for environmental protection
  • How this person protects the environment? 
    • My grandmother is dedicated to protecting the environment through a variety of impactful actions. 
      • She maintains a thriving organic garden (khu vườn hữu cơ phát triển mạnh - a well-maintained garden that is grown without chemical pesticides or fertilizers), where she cultivates vegetables and fruits using only natural methods. 
      • Additionally, she is a staunch supporter (người ủng hộ vững chắc - someone who strongly supports a cause) of waste reduction. 
  • What difficulty this person has faced? 
    • However, her journey has not been without challenges. One major difficulty she has faced is the lack of awareness (thiếu nhận thức - not enough understanding or knowledge about an issue) among some community members. Many people are still reluctant to adopt sustainable practices, and sometimes her efforts are met with indifference. 
  • And how you feel about this person? - I genuinely admire her commitment and resilience (sự kiên cường - the ability to recover quickly from difficulties)
  • Main idea 1:  Her actions have shown me that environmental protection is not just the responsibility of governments or large organizations but something that individuals can contribute to as well. 
    • Supporting idea: 
    • Example: 
  • Main idea 2:  She is a true guardian of nature (người bảo vệ thiên nhiên - someone who actively works to protect the environment), and her influence inspires me to be more conscious of my own impact on the planet.
    • Supporting idea: 
    • Example: 

IELTS TUTOR gợi ý bài tham khảo:

Today, I would like to tell you about my grandmother, who is truly a passionate advocate for environmental protection. Despite her age, she remains deeply committed (hết lòng cam kết - showing strong dedication and focus) to making a positive impact on the planet. Her efforts go far beyond basic recycling; she actively engages in multiple sustainable practices (thực hành bền vững - methods of living that do not deplete resources or harm the environment) that truly set her apart as a role model.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

My grandmother is dedicated to protecting the environment through a variety of impactful actions (hành động có ảnh hưởng lớn - activities that create significant positive effects). For instance, she maintains a thriving organic garden (khu vườn hữu cơ phát triển mạnh - a well-maintained garden that is grown without chemical pesticides or fertilizers), where she cultivates vegetables and fruits using only natural methods. This not only provides fresh produce for the family but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with food transportation. Additionally, she is a staunch supporter (người ủng hộ vững chắc - someone who strongly supports a cause) of waste reduction, consistently reusing and repurposing items that others might throw away. She also participates in community clean-up events (sự kiện dọn dẹp cộng đồng - organized activities to remove litter and waste from public areas), ensuring that her neighborhood remains clean and environmentally friendly.

However, her journey has not been without challenges. One major difficulty she has faced is the lack of awareness (thiếu nhận thức - not enough understanding or knowledge about an issue) among some community members. Many people are still reluctant to adopt sustainable practices (miễn cưỡng áp dụng các biện pháp bền vững - unwilling to accept or practice environmentally friendly habits), and sometimes her efforts are met with indifference (sự thờ ơ - lack of interest or concern). Despite these setbacks, she remains resilient (kiên cường - the ability to recover quickly from difficulties) and continues her work with unwavering determination (quyết tâm không lay chuyển - steady and firm commitment). Her optimism in the face of obstacles is truly inspiring.

I genuinely admire her commitment and resilience. Her actions have shown me that environmental protection is not just the responsibility of governments or large organizations, but something that individuals can contribute to as well. She is a true guardian of nature (người bảo vệ thiên nhiên - someone who actively works to protect the environment), and her influence inspires me to be more conscious of my own impact on the planet. I feel incredibly fortunate to have such a dedicated environmentalist (nhà bảo vệ môi trường tận tụy - someone who is fully committed to protecting the environment) in my life. Her passion and perseverance serve as a powerful reminder that even small actions can lead to significant change.

📌 New Vocabulary

  1. deeply committed (hết lòng cam kết) - showing strong dedication and focus

    • Synonyms: firmly dedicated, wholeheartedly devoted, strongly attached

    • Antonyms: uncommitted, indifferent, disinterested

  2. sustainable practices (thực hành bền vững) - methods of living that do not deplete resources or harm the environment

    • Synonyms: eco-friendly methods, green practices, environmentally sound approaches

    • Antonyms: wasteful habits, harmful methods, unsustainable actions

  3. impactful actions (hành động có ảnh hưởng lớn) - activities that create significant positive effects

    • Synonyms: influential acts, meaningful actions, powerful efforts

    • Antonyms: insignificant actions, ineffective efforts, meaningless activities

  4. community clean-up events (sự kiện dọn dẹp cộng đồng) - organized activities to remove litter and waste from public areas

    • Synonyms: neighborhood clean-ups, public area sanitation, waste collection events

    • Antonyms: neglected areas, polluted spaces, dirty environments

  5. reluctant to adopt (miễn cưỡng áp dụng) - unwilling to accept or practice something

    • Synonyms: hesitant to embrace, unwilling to accept, resistant to change

    • Antonyms: eager to accept, enthusiastic to adopt, willing to change

  6. indifference (sự thờ ơ) - lack of interest or concern

    • Synonyms: apathy, disinterest, unconcern

    • Antonyms: interest, engagement, enthusiasm

  7. unwavering determination (quyết tâm không lay chuyển) - steady and firm commitment

    • Synonyms: steadfast commitment, firm resolve, unshakeable focus

    • Antonyms: wavering resolve, inconsistent focus, uncertain commitment

  8. guardian of nature (người bảo vệ thiên nhiên) - someone who actively works to protect the environment

    • Synonyms: protector of nature, environmental defender, eco-warrior

    • Antonyms: environmental neglector, polluter, despoiler

  9. dedicated environmentalist (nhà bảo vệ môi trường tận tụy) - someone who is fully committed to protecting the environment

    • Synonyms: eco-activist, conservationist, green advocate

    • Antonyms: environmental skeptic, polluter, resource exploiter

📌 Advanced Grammar Structures

  1. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Despite her age, she remains deeply committed to making a positive impact on the planet.
    (Bất chấp tuổi tác, bà vẫn hết lòng cam kết tạo ra ảnh hưởng tích cực lên hành tinh.)

    • Grammar: Despite + Noun, Subject + Verb

    • Explanation: This structure is used to show contrast, highlighting her dedication despite her age.

  2. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Her actions have shown me that environmental protection is not just the responsibility of governments or large organizations, but something that individuals can contribute to as well.
    (Những hành động của bà đã cho tôi thấy rằng việc bảo vệ môi trường không chỉ là trách nhiệm của chính phủ hoặc các tổ chức lớn, mà còn là điều mà các cá nhân có thể đóng góp.)

    • Grammar: not just... but also...

    • Explanation: This is a correlative conjunction structure used to emphasize that responsibility is shared.

  3. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Her optimism in the face of obstacles is truly inspiring.
    (Sự lạc quan của bà khi đối mặt với khó khăn thật sự truyền cảm hứng.)

    • Grammar: Noun + in the face of + Noun

    • Explanation: This structure emphasizes how she maintains her positive outlook even when challenges arise.

IV. Part 3

Question 1: How do people spend their leisure time in Vietnam?

In Vietnam, people spend their leisure time in a variety of ways depending on their age and lifestyle. For younger individuals, activities like bar-hopping (đi dạo quán bar - visiting multiple bars in a single night), gaming cafes (quán cà phê chơi game - social spaces where people play online games), and karaoke sessions (buổi hát karaoke - group singing activities) are quite popular. For example, it's common to see groups of friends gathering in karaoke parlors (phòng karaoke - specialized rooms for singing) during the weekends to unwind and enjoy each other's company. Meanwhile, older generations prefer more leisurely pursuits (hoạt động giải trí thư giãn - relaxed activities), such as morning exercises in public parks, fishing, or visiting tea houses (quán trà - traditional places to enjoy tea and conversation). Additionally, family-oriented activities like picnics (dã ngoại - outdoor meals) and home gatherings (buổi họp mặt gia đình - family get-togethers) are also common, as they strengthen family bonds and offer relaxation. Overall, leisure time in Vietnam is diverse and reflects the country's blend of modernity and tradition.

New Vocabulary:

  1. Bar-hopping - đi dạo quán bar (visiting multiple bars in a single night).

  2. Gaming cafes - quán cà phê chơi game (social spaces where people play online games).

  3. Karaoke sessions - buổi hát karaoke (group singing activities).

  4. Karaoke parlors - phòng karaoke (specialized rooms for singing).

  5. Leisurely pursuits - hoạt động giải trí thư giãn (relaxed activities).

  6. Tea houses - quán trà (traditional places to enjoy tea and conversation).

  7. Picnics - dã ngoại (outdoor meals).

  8. Home gatherings - buổi họp mặt gia đình (family get-togethers).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Bar-hoppingpub-crawling, nightlife exploring, social drinking | staying in, home-based relaxation, quiet evening

  • Gaming cafesinternet cafes, LAN centers, esports hubs | libraries, parks, outdoor activities

  • Karaoke parlorssinging booths, music lounges, entertainment centers | quiet cafes, libraries, museums

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "For younger individuals, activities like bar-hopping, gaming cafes, and karaoke sessions are quite popular."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. It's common to see groups of friends gathering... - Thật phổ biến khi thấy các nhóm bạn bè tụ tập... (Passive voice with an infinitive)

  2. Leisure time in Vietnam is diverse and reflects... - Thời gian giải trí ở Việt Nam rất đa dạng và phản ánh... (Parallel structure with 'and')

Question 2: Why should we protect the environment?

Protecting the environment is crucial because it ensures the long-term sustainability (tính bền vững lâu dài - ability to maintain ecological balance over a long period) of our planet. For example, measures like reducing pollution and conserving natural resources help to mitigate the effects of global warming (sự nóng lên toàn cầu - the gradual increase in Earth's temperature). Moreover, a clean and healthy environment contributes to public well-being (phúc lợi công cộng - the general health and happiness of people) by reducing the risk of diseases caused by pollution. If we neglect these efforts, we risk facing irreversible damage (tổn thất không thể phục hồi - permanent harm) to ecosystems and human health. Additionally, protecting nature helps to preserve biodiversity (bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học - maintaining a wide variety of species), which is vital for maintaining the ecological balance (cân bằng sinh thái - natural stability among species and the environment). Thus, taking care of our surroundings is not just an obligation but a necessity for a sustainable future (tương lai bền vững - a future that maintains environmental health).

New Vocabulary:

  1. Long-term sustainability - tính bền vững lâu dài (ability to maintain ecological balance over a long period).

  2. Global warming - sự nóng lên toàn cầu (the gradual increase in Earth's temperature).

  3. Public well-being - phúc lợi công cộng (the general health and happiness of people).

  4. Irreversible damage - tổn thất không thể phục hồi (permanent harm).

  5. Preserve biodiversity - bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học (maintaining a wide variety of species).

  6. Ecological balance - cân bằng sinh thái (natural stability among species and the environment).

  7. Sustainable future - tương lai bền vững (a future that maintains environmental health).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Global warmingclimate change, temperature rise, atmospheric heating | global cooling, climate stability, temperature decline

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "Measures like reducing pollution and conserving natural resources help to mitigate the effects of global warming."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. If we neglect these efforts, we risk facing irreversible damage... - Nếu chúng ta bỏ qua những nỗ lực này, chúng ta có nguy cơ đối mặt với tổn thất không thể phục hồi... (Conditional sentence type 1)

  2. Protecting the environment is crucial because it ensures... - Bảo vệ môi trường là rất quan trọng vì nó đảm bảo... (Gerund as the subject of the sentence)

Question 3: What is the most serious environmental issue now?

I believe that climate change (biến đổi khí hậu - long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns) is the most pressing environmental issue we face today. This global phenomenon is causing rising sea levels (mực nước biển dâng cao - an increase in the average level of the world's oceans), more frequent natural disasters (thảm họa thiên nhiên - catastrophic events like hurricanes and floods), and extreme weather conditions. For example, coastal cities such as Ho Chi Minh City are increasingly vulnerable to flooding (ngập lụt - the overflow of water onto normally dry land), which disrupts daily life and damages infrastructure. Furthermore, global warming (sự nóng lên toàn cầu - the gradual increase in Earth's temperature) accelerates the melting of polar ice caps (sự tan chảy của các chỏm băng địa cực - the reduction of ice mass at the Earth's poles), threatening wildlife and contributing to even higher sea levels. If these issues are not addressed urgently, we may face irreversible consequences (hậu quả không thể đảo ngược - permanent environmental damage) that could devastate ecosystems and human settlements. Therefore, combating climate change should be a top priority for all nations to ensure a sustainable future.

New Vocabulary:

  1. Climate change - biến đổi khí hậu (long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns).

  2. Rising sea levels - mực nước biển dâng cao (an increase in the average level of the world's oceans).

  3. Natural disasters - thảm họa thiên nhiên (catastrophic events like hurricanes and floods).

  4. Flooding - ngập lụt (the overflow of water onto normally dry land).

  5. Global warming - sự nóng lên toàn cầu (the gradual increase in Earth's temperature).

  6. Melting of polar ice caps - sự tan chảy của các chỏm băng địa cực (the reduction of ice mass at the Earth's poles).

  7. Irreversible consequences - hậu quả không thể đảo ngược (permanent environmental damage).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Climate changeglobal warming, atmospheric alteration, climatic shifts | climate stability, environmental equilibrium, weather consistency

  • Rising sea levelsocean surge, water level increase, coastal flooding | sea level decline, coastal retreat, water receding

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "This global phenomenon is causing rising sea levels, more frequent natural disasters, and extreme weather conditions."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. If these issues are not addressed urgently, we may face irreversible consequences... - Nếu những vấn đề này không được giải quyết kịp thời, chúng ta có thể phải đối mặt với hậu quả không thể đảo ngược... (Conditional sentence type 1 with passive voice)

  2. Combating climate change should be a top priority for all nations to ensure a sustainable future. - Chống lại biến đổi khí hậu nên là ưu tiên hàng đầu của tất cả các quốc gia để đảm bảo một tương lai bền vững... (Modal verb 'should' + infinitive for obligation)

Question 4: Is it true that some people think that young people are more aware of environmental protection than older people?

I believe there is some truth to the idea that young people are more environmentally conscious (ý thức về môi trường - being aware of the impact one's actions have on the environment) compared to older generations. This is largely because young people are exposed to environmental education (giáo dục về môi trường - learning about ecological issues and sustainable practices) from an early age through schools and social media. For example, many schools now incorporate climate change and recycling programs into their curriculum, fostering a sense of responsibility towards the planet. Additionally, social media platforms are flooded with campaigns and information on issues like global warming and pollution, keeping young people constantly aware of the need for environmental protection. On the other hand, older generations may not have had the same access to information and are often set in their traditional habits (thói quen truyền thống - long-established routines that are hard to change), making it more challenging for them to adopt sustainable practices (hoạt động bền vững - methods that do not deplete natural resources). While it is not entirely fair to generalize, it is clear that environmental awareness is more prevalent among the youth, driven by modern education and technology.

New Vocabulary:

  1. Environmentally conscious - ý thức về môi trường (being aware of the impact one's actions have on the environment).

  2. Environmental education - giáo dục về môi trường (learning about ecological issues and sustainable practices).

  3. Traditional habits - thói quen truyền thống (long-established routines that are hard to change).

  4. Sustainable practices - hoạt động bền vững (methods that do not deplete natural resources).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Environmentally consciouseco-aware, green-minded, ecologically aware | environmentally indifferent, unaware of nature, ecologically ignorant

  • Environmental educationecological awareness training, sustainability education, green learning | ignorance of ecology, lack of awareness, environmental neglect

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "This is largely because young people are exposed to environmental education from an early age through schools and social media."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. While it is not entirely fair to generalize, it is clear that environmental awareness is more prevalent among the youth... - Mặc dù không hoàn toàn công bằng khi khái quát hóa, rõ ràng là nhận thức về môi trường phổ biến hơn ở giới trẻ... (Complex sentence with concessive clause using 'while')

  2. On the other hand, older generations may not have had the same access to information and are often set in their traditional habits... - Mặt khác, các thế hệ lớn tuổi có thể không có cùng cơ hội tiếp cận thông tin và thường gắn bó với thói quen truyền thống... (Modal verb 'may' + perfect infinitive for expressing possibility in the past)

Question 5: Which activities do people do that harm the environment?

There are several human activities that significantly harm the environment, with deforestation (phá rừng - the large-scale removal of trees from forests) being one of the most impactful. This practice is often driven by agriculture and urban expansion, leading to the destruction of natural habitats (môi trường sống tự nhiên - areas where plants and animals naturally live and grow). For example, the Amazon rainforest, known as the 'lungs of the Earth,' is rapidly disappearing due to logging and land clearing for farming. This not only threatens biodiversity but also reduces the planet's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide emissions (khí thải CO2 - the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere), exacerbating climate change. Another major contributor is the overuse of fossil fuels (sử dụng quá mức nhiên liệu hóa thạch - excessive consumption of coal, oil, and gas for energy). Cars, airplanes, and factories burn these non-renewable resources, releasing harmful greenhouse gases (khí nhà kính - gases that trap heat in the atmosphere) that accelerate global warming. If these destructive practices continue unchecked, the damage to our environment could be irreversible.

New Vocabulary:

  1. Deforestation - phá rừng (the large-scale removal of trees from forests).

  2. Natural habitats - môi trường sống tự nhiên (areas where plants and animals naturally live and grow).

  3. Carbon dioxide emissions - khí thải CO2 (the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere).

  4. Overuse of fossil fuels - sử dụng quá mức nhiên liệu hóa thạch (excessive consumption of coal, oil, and gas for energy).

  5. Greenhouse gases - khí nhà kính (gases that trap heat in the atmosphere).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Deforestationlogging, forest clearing, tree cutting | reforestation, afforestation, forest conservation

  • Overuse of fossil fuelsexcessive consumption of energy, fossil fuel dependency, heavy reliance on coal | renewable energy use, sustainable energy practices, green energy

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "This not only threatens biodiversity but also reduces the planet's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide emissions, exacerbating climate change."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. If these destructive practices continue unchecked, the damage to our environment could be irreversible. - Nếu những hành động phá hoại này tiếp tục không được kiểm soát, thiệt hại đối với môi trường của chúng ta có thể không thể đảo ngược... (Conditional sentence type 1 with the modal verb 'could' for possibility)

  2. This practice is often driven by agriculture and urban expansion, leading to the destruction of natural habitats. - Hoạt động này thường được thúc đẩy bởi nông nghiệp và mở rộng đô thị, dẫn đến sự phá hủy môi trường sống tự nhiên... (Passive voice with 'is driven by' and present participle phrase 'leading to')

Question 6: How can children be educated about protecting the environment?

Educating children about environmental protection is crucial for instilling sustainable habits from a young age. One effective method is through school-based programs (chương trình dựa trên trường học - organized activities in educational institutions that promote learning about environmental issues). For example, schools can integrate topics like recycling, conservation, and pollution control into their curriculum, ensuring that students understand the importance of protecting the planet. These programs often include hands-on activities, such as planting trees or participating in community clean-ups, which help children develop a sense of environmental stewardship (quản lý môi trường - the responsible use and protection of the environment through sustainable practices). Additionally, parental involvement (sự tham gia của cha mẹ - the participation of parents in their children's education) plays a significant role. When parents model eco-friendly behaviors, such as reducing waste or using reusable products, children are more likely to adopt these habits. Therefore, both educational institutions and families are instrumental in shaping children's attitudes towards environmental protection.

New Vocabulary:

  1. School-based programs - chương trình dựa trên trường học (organized activities in educational institutions that promote learning about environmental issues).

  2. Environmental stewardship - quản lý môi trường (the responsible use and protection of the environment through sustainable practices).

  3. Parental involvement - sự tham gia của cha mẹ (the participation of parents in their children's education).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • School-based programseducational initiatives, academic projects, learning activities | non-educational activities, unstructured learning, informal education

  • Environmental stewardshipeco-management, sustainable care, conservation efforts | environmental neglect, ecological disregard, resource mismanagement

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

  • "These programs often include hands-on activities, such as planting trees or participating in community clean-ups, which help children develop a sense of environmental stewardship."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. When parents model eco-friendly behaviors, such as reducing waste or using reusable products, children are more likely to adopt these habits. - Khi cha mẹ làm gương bằng cách thực hiện các hành vi thân thiện với môi trường, như giảm chất thải hoặc sử dụng sản phẩm tái sử dụng, trẻ em có xu hướng áp dụng những thói quen này... (Conditional sentence with 'when' to express a habitual action)

  2. Educating children about environmental protection is crucial for instilling sustainable habits from a young age. - Giáo dục trẻ em về bảo vệ môi trường là điều cần thiết để hình thành các thói quen bền vững từ khi còn nhỏ... (Gerund phrase as the subject of the sentence)

Question 7: Do you think it is good to buy unnecessary things from the supermarket?

No, I don't think it's good to buy unnecessary things from the supermarket, as it promotes overconsumption (tiêu thụ quá mức - buying more products than are needed or used) and contributes to waste. For example, purchasing items that are not essential often leads to them being discarded, which adds to landfill waste (rác thải bãi chôn lấp - garbage that is buried under the soil). This habit not only pollutes the environment but also strains natural resources. Additionally, the production of unnecessary goods consumes a significant amount of raw materials (nguyên liệu thô - basic materials used to produce products), energy, and water, which could otherwise be preserved. If people adopted a more minimalist approach (phương pháp tối giản - a lifestyle that focuses on owning fewer material possessions), they would reduce both their carbon footprint and environmental damage. Therefore, mindful consumption is key to sustainable living.

New Vocabulary:

  1. Overconsumption - tiêu thụ quá mức (buying more products than are needed or used).

  2. Landfill waste - rác thải bãi chôn lấp (garbage that is buried under the soil).

  3. Raw materials - nguyên liệu thô (basic materials used to produce products).

  4. Minimalist approach - phương pháp tối giản (a lifestyle that focuses on owning fewer material possessions).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Overconsumptionexcessive consumption, wasteful spending, materialism | minimalism, frugality, sustainable living

  • Landfill wastegarbage disposal, waste accumulation, refuse storage | waste reduction, recycling, composting

Example from the essay:

  • "If people adopted a more minimalist approach, they would reduce both their carbon footprint and environmental damage."

Difficult Grammar Structures:

  1. If people adopted a more minimalist approach, they would reduce both their carbon footprint and environmental damage. - Nếu mọi người áp dụng cách tiếp cận tối giản hơn, họ sẽ giảm cả dấu chân carbon và sự phá hủy môi trường... (Second conditional to express an unlikely or hypothetical situation)

  2. The production of unnecessary goods consumes a significant amount of raw materials, energy, and water, which could otherwise be preserved. - Việc sản xuất các hàng hóa không cần thiết tiêu thụ một lượng lớn nguyên liệu thô, năng lượng và nước, những thứ có thể được bảo tồn... (Relative clause with 'which' to specify the subject's impact)

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